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Neurorehabilitation aims to help patients regain abilities that have been impaired due to neurological conditions such as stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and more. Over the years, technology has played an increasing role in neurorehabilitation through the development of innovative devices that assist therapists and aid patients’ recovery progress. In this article, we will explore some of the most impactful neurorehabilitation devices currently being used and how they are enhancing patient outcomes.
Robotic exoskeletons
One of the most exciting advancements has been the creation of robotic exoskeletons. These work by using computer-controlled motors to drive movements of the limbs. Exoskeletons allow patients who have lost mobility to stand and move in a safe, supported way. For example, Ekso Bionics has developed the EksoGT exoskeleton that helps patients retrain how to walk. Studies have found patients can achieve independent walking faster when using an exoskeleton versus traditional physical therapy alone.
Beyond walking, some exoskeletons like ReWalk are designed to restore upright mobility for those paralyzed from the waist down. They use sensors and computer algorithms to interpret subtle voluntary movements from the torso or upper extremities to control limb movements in a near-natural gait. For patients who have lost the ability to stand or walk independently, exoskeleton technology offers the invaluable ability to stand tall once more.
Virtual and augmented reality
While exoskeletons physically assist movement, virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) tools provide an immersive cognitive experience to enhance neurorehabilitation. VR/AR platforms allow the creation of simulated environments that motivate repetitive movement practice in a safe, stimulating way. Systems like Interactive Rehabilitation and Exercise (IREX) by University of Southern California use VR games to immerse patients in activities like clearing debris from an archaeological site through reaching, grasping and sorting motions.
VR also provides real-time feedback on movement quality, range of motion, and functionality to aid motor learning. For stroke patients, VR therapy has been shown to significantly improve upper limb function compared to conventional therapy alone. The ability to modulate difficulty levels and repeatedly practice key movements in an engaging format accelerates recovery. As VR/AR technologies become more widespread and affordable, their role in neurorehabilitation is poised to grow substantially.
Brain-computer interfaces
Research at the cutting edge of neurorehabilitation focuses on developing brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies. BCIs directly translate neural signals into actions without relying on normal motor output pathways. For example, the BrainGate neural interface developed by Brown University involves implanting a baby aspirin-sized sensor array in the motor cortex. This allows individuals with paralysis to control external devices like a computer cursor through thought alone.
Continual improvements are being made in decoding algorithms, electrode designs and surgical techniques. The ultimate goal is a fully implantable, wireless BCI that would give people with complete paralysis control of a robotic arm or exoskeleton based on intent. On the horizon are even more advanced interfaces using newer types of BCIs like electroencephalography (EEG) headsets able to detect brain activity without invasive implants. As these technologies mature, they promise to restore significant independence for those with the most severe physical impairments.
Wearable sensors and actuators
Finally, advancements in wearable sensors and soft actuators are spawning novel neurorehabilitation tools. For example, wrist-worn sensors like the Moticon Movement Monitor continuously track motion data during daily activities to provide real-time feedback and activity prompts outside of therapy sessions. This extends neuroplastic training effects by encouraging frequent practice throughout the day.
Additionally, soft robotics companies like Anthropic are developing fabric-based stretchable actuators and orthoses to safely assist and measure arm/hand motions. These could one day replace bulky braces and retrain delicate hand functions. Wearable technology empowers patients to participate actively in their own recovery and helps therapists more closely monitor progress remotely. As sensory and flexible circuit technology matures, it will further drive innovation in comfortable, at-home neurorehabilitation aids.
The future of neurorehabilitation
Overall, technological developments hold immense promise to transform neurorehabilitation treatment options and outcomes. Going forward, there will be increasing integration between different categories of devices. For example, exoskeletons and soft exosuits may incorporate embedded sensors providing precise motion data to VR/AR platforms for biofeedback. BCIs may eventually directly pilot exoskeletons for those with high-level injuries. Telehealth has also enabled new opportunities like delivering VR therapy remotely under clinician guidance.
The coming decades will see continued miniaturization of sensors and implantable devices, along with massive growth of computing power, which will vastly expand neurorehabilitation capabilities. Personalized training algorithms tailored to individuals’ injury characteristics and recovery progress may be developed. Big data and machine learning stand to revolutionize nearly every aspect of neurological injury management from initial triage through long-term monitoring. Without question, technology is catalyzing exciting progress in neurorehabilitation that will greatly benefit patients for many years to come.
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- Source: Coherent Market Insights, Public sources, Desk research
- We have leveraged AI tools to mine information and compile it
