by Lithium Hydroxide: Properties, Uses and Safety Precautions
Properties of Lithium Hydroxide
Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is an inorganic compound that is white and crystalline as a anhydrous solid. It is highly soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents. When dissolved in water, lithium hydroxide forms a strongly alkaline solution known as lithium hydroxide monohydrate. Some key physical and chemical properties of lithium hydroxide include:
– Molecular formula: LiOH
– Molecular weight: 23.95 g/mol
– Melting point: between 720°C and 740°C
– Boiling point: decomposes before boiling
– Density: 2.12 g/cm3
– Solubility in water: very soluble, forming a strongly alkaline solution
– Solubility in organic solvents: insoluble
– pH of saturated aqueous solution: around 13
Uses of Lithium Hydroxide
Due to its highly alkaline nature, lithium hydroxide has a variety of industrial and commercial applications. Some of its main uses include:
– Aluminum production: Lithium hydroxide is used as a flux in the production of aluminum from bauxite ores via the Bayer process. It helps dissolve alumina in a caustic liquor.
– Glass and ceramics: Lithium hydroxide lowers the melting point of glass and improves chemical and thermal shock resistance of ceramics. It is used to produce special types of glass and ceramic materials.
– Air conditioning: Lithium bromide solutions are used for adsorption-type air conditioners and dehumidifiers. Lithium hydroxide is used to regenerate the lithium bromide solution.
– Greases: Lithium hydroxide is mixed with oils to form high-temperature, water-resistant greases used for aircraft and automobile parts.
– Pharmaceuticals: It has uses as an antacid for stomach upsets and also finds application in lithium salt drugs for treating bipolar disorder and other mental illnesses.
Safety Precautions for Handling Lithium Hydroxide
Given its high alkalinity, lithium hydroxide requires careful handling and specific safety precautions:
– Protective equipment: Long sleeved clothing, gloves, safety goggles and face shields should be worn when handling lithium hydroxide.
– Skin and eye contact: Lithium hydroxide can cause severe irritation and chemical burns. In case of accidental contact, flush skin with water and seek medical attention. Eyes should be flushed with water for at least 15 minutes.
– Inhalation: Breathing dust or mist should be avoided as it may damage respiratory tract. Work in a well-ventilated area.
– Storage: It should be stored in a cool, dry place in sealed containers and away from acids and other incompatible materials.
– Spill handling: Sweep or scoop spilled solid carefully and discard in chemical waste. Flush area with copious water.
– Disposal: Consult local authorities for proper disposal of lithium hydroxide solutions based on concentration and amount.
In summary, lithium hydroxide is a versatile industrial chemical that requires responsible handling and use due to its highly alkaline nature. Adhering to safety precautions can help prevent injury and improper exposure when working with this compound.
